Know Your Rights
The Constitution protects your fundamental freedoms. Understanding your rights is the first step to protecting them.
Every American is protected by the Constitution. These rights cannot be taken away by government officials—and when they're violated, you have the power to seek justice.
Freedom of Expression
Speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion. This includes your right to record police and government officials in public.
Learn MoreSearch & Seizure
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. Police generally need a warrant, and you can refuse consent.
Learn MoreRight to Silence
You cannot be forced to incriminate yourself. You have the right to remain silent during police encounters.
Learn MoreEqual Protection
Government must treat you fairly and cannot discriminate. You have the right to due process of law.
Learn MoreIn-Depth Guides
Comprehensive information to help you understand and protect your rights.
Your Right to Record Police
Federal courts have affirmed your First Amendment right to record police and government officials in public. Learn what the courts have said and how to protect yourself.
Read MoreUnderstanding Section 1983
Section 1983 is the federal law that allows you to sue government officials who violate your constitutional rights. Learn how it works and what you can recover.
Read MoreWhat to Do If Violated
Step-by-step guide on documenting incidents, preserving evidence, and understanding your options when your rights are violated.
Read MoreFirst Amendment Auditors
Meet the everyday Americans who test and protect our constitutional rights through peaceful audits. Learn about their mission and methods.
Read MoreSearch & Seizure Rights
Learn when police can and cannot search you, your car, or your home. Understand warrants, consent, and exceptions.
Read MoreRight to Remain Silent
You cannot be forced to incriminate yourself. Learn how to invoke your right to silence and when it applies.
Read MoreQuick Tips for Police Encounters
General guidance based on ACLU recommendations.
Stay Calm
Keep your hands visible. Don't argue, resist, or run—even if you believe your rights are being violated. Stay calm and remember details.
Ask If You're Free to Go
Politely ask "Am I being detained or am I free to go?" If they say you're free to go, calmly walk away.
You Can Remain Silent
You have the right to remain silent. You may need to state you're invoking this right. You may be required to identify yourself in some states.
Refuse Consent to Search
You have the right to refuse consent to a search. Clearly say "I do not consent to a search." This preserves your rights if the search is unlawful.
You Can Record
You have the right to record police in public as long as you don't interfere with their activities. Keep a safe distance.
Document Everything
After any encounter, write down everything you remember: officer names, badge numbers, patrol car numbers, and what happened.
This is general guidance, not legal advice. Every situation is different. Visit ACLU Know Your Rights for more detailed information.
Have Your Rights Been Violated?
If your constitutional rights were violated by police or government officials, you may be able to seek justice under Section 1983.
Document Your Case